Most maps do have a position which offers cover while capping B, they're just more subtle and less-known than they were in previous CoDs. The penalty for solo caps is obviously increasing your deaths in the game, but the bonus for doing it (aside from feeling like a Manly Man) is a poopton of points toward your scorestreaks.
Off the top of my head:
Hijacked: crouching behind the benches to either side of B flag gives you an excellent firing position on players rushing B along the sides from their spawn; you just have to clear the benches & hot tub yourself (or trust your teammates to).
Raid: You can crouch or go prone behind the two pedestals near the rock garden, providing cover from the two firing positions in/near the second-floor windows & getting a good sight picture on the center atrium approach.
Meltdown: You can go prone behind the big tank and have complete cover from both second-floor office windows, while having a good sight picture into the reactor room.
Standoff: Going prone behind the pickup truck protects you from pretty much every firing position near the A spawn. Crouching behind the barrel does the same for positions near the C spawn.
Aftermath: You can go prone behind that short wall right on the B flag, which protects you from every firing position except one first-floor doorway.
Cargo: If you time it so that the shipping containers between you and the enemy spawn are down, you can only be shot at from the two sides; the open side is covered by the tops of the two fixed containers (where someone is always camping) and you can sight in on the building. The game starts with all 3 containers down, so if you rush B immediately you can cap it before any are raised (you'll want Flak Jacket to protect against nades, obviously).
Carrier: You can lay prone inside the aircraft frame & still capture B; just make sure you're facing towards the enemy spawn so you can shoot players approaching.
Drone: From the A spawn, you can crouch behind the two barrels along the building and still cap B, protecting you from most lines of sight near C. From the C spawn, you can go prone underneath the front bumper of the van & be protected from every LOS except the factory building.
Plaza: You can crouch either behind the center post or inside the doorway and still cap B; this protects you from the rooftop firing positions near the spawns and you can cover one of the side approaches, but you're still vulnerable to being shot in the back from the other.
Turbine: I've found the most effective way to cap it is to go prone right on the B flag while facing towards the hillier approach. You can clear out the inside of the tube yourself before capping, and your camping teammates are usually sighted in on the other approaches.
Yemen, Slums, and Express pretty much are death traps and are extremely difficult to solo cap, so you're right on those.